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Medicago falcata is a legume species that exhibits great capacity of tolerance to abiotic stresses. To elucidate the mechanism underlying tolerance of M. falcata to freezing, we compared the characteristics of M. falcata in response to cold acclimation and freezing with those of the legume model plant Medicago truncatula. M. falcata seedlings were more tolerant to freezing than M. truncatula, as...
The development of desiccation tolerance by vegetative tissues was an important step in the plants’ conquest of land. To counteract the oxidative stress generated under these conditions the xanthophyll cycle plays a key role. Recent reports have shown that desiccation itself induces de-epoxidation of xanthophyll cycle pigments, even in darkness. The aim of the present work was to study whether this...
Interest in phloem-specific promoters for the engineering of transgenic plants has been increasing in recent years. In this study we isolated two similar, but distinct, alleles of the Citrus sinensissucrose synthase-1 promoter (CsSUS1p) and inserted them upstream of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene to test their ability to drive expression in the phloem of transgenic Arabidopsisthaliana and Nicotiana tabacum...
A range of molecular probes for cell wall polysaccharides has been used to explore the structure and location of water-extracted pectic polysaccharides occurring in fractions isolated from ginseng roots. The LM19 homogalacturonan (HG) epitope was abundant in an HG fraction and analysis of LM19 binding to a rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) rich-fraction indicated that the LM19 epitope is sensitive to acetylation...
Synchronized cultures of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were grown photoautotrophically under a wide range of environmental conditions including temperature (15–37°C), different mean light intensities (132, 150, 264 μmol m−2 s−1), different illumination regimes (continuous illumination or alternation of light/dark periods of different durations), and culture methods (batch or continuous...
Somatic embryogenesis is used for vegetative propagation of conifers. Embryogenic cultures can be established from zygotic embryos; however, the embryogenic potential decreases during germination. In Arabidopsis, LEAFY COTYLEDON (LEC) genes are expressed during the embryonic stage, and must be repressed to allow germination. Treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) causes...
The Arabidopsis Cape Verde Islands (Cvi-0) ecotype is known to differ from other ecotypes with respect to environmental stress responses. We analyzed the stomatal behavior of Cvi-0 plants, in response to environmental signals. We investigated the responses of stomatal conductance and aperture to high [CO2] in the Cvi-0 and Col-0 ecotypes. Cvi-0 showed constitutively higher stomatal conductance and...
A role of non-reducing sugars like sucrose and raffinose in the protection of plant cells against damage during freezing has been proposed for many species, but reports on physiological effects are conflicting. Non-aqueous fractionation of mesophyll cell compartments in Arabidopsis thaliana was used to show that sucrose and raffinose accumulate in plastids during low temperatures, pointing to a physiological...
Cyanamide is an allelochemical produced by hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.). Its phyotoxic effect on plant growth was examined on roots of onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs. Water solution of cyanamide (2–10 mM) restricted growth of onion roots in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of onion roots with cyanamide resulted in a decrease in root growth rate accompanied by a decrease in accumulation of fresh...
The nodulin/glutamine synthetase-like protein (NodGS) that we identified proteomically in Arabidopsis thaliana is a fusion protein composed of an N-terminal amidohydrolase domain that shares homology with nodulins and a C-terminal domain of prokaryotic glutamine synthetase type I. The protein is homologous to the FluG protein, a morphogenetic factor in fungi. Although genes encoding NodGS homologues...
Identifying the transcription factors that mediate responses to abiotic stress is of fundamental importance in plant biology, not least because of their potential utility in crop improvement. The recently duplicated genes RAP2.4B and RAP2.4 encode transcription factors belonging to the abiotic stress-associated DREB A-6 clade in Arabidopsis thaliana. Both proteins localise exclusively to nuclei and...
By means of an RT-PCR approach we isolated a specific tyrosine phosphatase (FsPTP1) induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and correlated with seed dormancy in Fagus sylvatica seeds. To provide genetic evidence of FsPTP1 function in seed dormancy and ABA signal transduction pathway, we overexpressed this gene in Cape Verde Island ecotype of Arabidopsis thaliana, which shows the deepest degree of seed dormancy...
A Roche 454 cDNA deep sequencing experiment was performed on a developing corm of Amorphophallus konjac—also known as voodoo lily. The dominant storage polymer in the corm of this plant is the polysaccharide glucomannan, a hemicellulose known to exist in the cell walls of higher plants and a major component of plant biomass derived from softwoods. A total of 246 mega base pairs of sequence data was...
WRKY proteins are a large super family of transcriptional regulators primarily involved in various plant physiological programs. In present study, the expression profile and putative function of the WRKY transcriptional factor, WRKY78, in rice were identified. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that OsWRKY78 transcript was most abundant in elongating stems though its expression was detected in all the...
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are obligate symbionts dependent for completion of their life cycle on plant carbohydrates, which they trade for mineral nutrients. Plant colonization by AM fungi is therefore expected to induce profound changes in plant carbon metabolism. We have previously observed that on one hand starch accumulation increases in responses to pre-symbiotic fungal signals and on...
The effect of the hybrid proline-rich protein (HyPRP) gene EARLI1 on the rate of germination (germinability) of Arabidopsis seeds and seedling growth under low temperature and salt stress conditions was investigated. EARLI1 was induced during germination in embryonic tissues, and was strongly expressed in certain parts of young seedlings. Comparisons of control, overexpressing (OX), and knockout (KO)...
Citrate, a major determinant of citrus fruit quality, accumulates early in fruit development and declines towards maturation. The isomerization of citrate to isocitrate, catalyzed by aconitase is a key step in acid metabolism. Inhibition of mitochondrial aconitase activity early in fruit development contributes to acid accumulation, whereas increased cytosolic activity of aconitase causes citrate...
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